Here's how Fallout 4's character system works, as explained by Todd Howard

Bethesda has released a video featuring Todd Howard explaining how Fallout 4's character and perks system works. Basically, it quickly goes over the S.P.E.C.I.A.L. system (Strength, Perception, Endurance, Charisma, Intelligence, Agility, and Lucky) and how the player can use the various abilities and perks to fit their playstyle as they level. Each ability contains a